{
  "schema_version": 1,
  "site": "https://rerunwire.com",
  "story": {
    "slug": "foreign-countries-pay-tariffs",
    "title": "The recurring claim that foreign countries pay the tariffs",
    "type": "recurring_claim",
    "url": "https://rerunwire.com/s/foreign-countries-pay-tariffs/",
    "summary": "Since at least early 2017, President Trump and members of his administration have repeatedly said that US tariffs are paid by foreign countries, such as China, Mexico or \"foreign countries\" in general. Fact-checkers and economists note that US Customs and Border Protection bills the US importer. They also say that how much of the cost foreign exporters absorb, by cutting their prices, is a separate question. Studies published since 2019 by the New York Fed, Goldman Sachs, the Kiel Institute and others estimate that most of the cost fell on US firms and consumers. A 2026 paper reported by the Tax Foundation found that foreign exporters absorbed a larger share.",
    "summary_sources": [
      "https://www.cfr.org/articles/who-pays-trumps-tariffs",
      "https://taxfoundation.org/blog/exporters-bore-higher-share-2025-tariffs-than-previously-estimated/"
    ],
    "reruns": [
      {
        "anchor": "2017-01-26",
        "url": "https://rerunwire.com/s/foreign-countries-pay-tariffs/#2017-01-26",
        "start": "2017-01-26",
        "end": "2017-01-27",
        "title": "White House suggests a 20% tax on Mexican imports to pay for the wall",
        "why_it_fits": "On January 26, 2017, White House Press Secretary Sean Spicer told reporters on Air Force One that a 20 percent tax on imports from Mexico, possibly as part of a broader tax reform plan, could \"easily pay for the wall.\" The Dallas Morning News and The Hill report this came after President Trump again vowed to make Mexico pay for the wall and Mexican President Enrique Peña Nieto canceled a planned meeting. Hours later Spicer called it one option among many, adding that reporters had asked \"There's no way that Mexico will pay for it\" and saying \"Here's one way.\" The National Retail Federation's David French called the idea \"a flawed understanding of how tariffs work,\" and CNNMoney wrote that American companies, not Mexican ones, pay such a tariff.",
        "sources": [
          {
            "url": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/economy/column-great-irony-mexico-tariff-american-consumers-pay",
            "archive_url": null,
            "outlet": "pbs.org",
            "reliability": "reliable"
          },
          {
            "url": "https://www.dallasnews.com/news/politics/2017/01/26/white-house-floats-tax-on-mexican-imports-that-would-force-americans-to-pay-for-wall/",
            "archive_url": null,
            "outlet": "dallasnews.com",
            "reliability": "needs_second_source"
          },
          {
            "url": "https://thehill.com/policy/finance/316390-white-house-mexican-import-tax-just-one-way-to-pay-for-wall/",
            "archive_url": null,
            "outlet": "thehill.com",
            "reliability": "reliable"
          },
          {
            "url": "https://money.cnn.com/2017/01/26/news/economy/trump-mexico-tariff/index.html",
            "archive_url": null,
            "outlet": "money.cnn.com",
            "reliability": "needs_second_source"
          },
          {
            "url": "https://www.factcheck.org/2019/01/trump-revises-history-on-mexicos-wall-payment/",
            "archive_url": null,
            "outlet": "factcheck.org",
            "reliability": "reliable"
          }
        ],
        "items": [
          {
            "url": "https://www.dallasnews.com/news/politics/2017/01/26/white-house-floats-tax-on-mexican-imports-that-would-force-americans-to-pay-for-wall/",
            "archive_url": null,
            "kind": "article",
            "outlet": "dallasnews.com",
            "captured": "2026-10-24",
            "quote": "If you tax that $50 billion at 20 percent of imports... we can do $10 billion a year and easily pay for the wall just through that mechanism alone.",
            "timestamp": null,
            "engagement": {}
          },
          {
            "url": "https://thehill.com/policy/finance/316390-white-house-mexican-import-tax-just-one-way-to-pay-for-wall/",
            "archive_url": null,
            "kind": "article",
            "outlet": "thehill.com",
            "captured": "2026-10-24",
            "quote": "It's to show that there are ways that the wall could be paid for. Full stop. That's it.",
            "timestamp": null,
            "engagement": {}
          },
          {
            "url": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/economy/column-great-irony-mexico-tariff-american-consumers-pay",
            "archive_url": null,
            "kind": "article",
            "outlet": "pbs.org",
            "captured": "2026-10-24",
            "quote": "a significant share of the tariff will be passed through into higher U.S. prices, thus actually resulting in U.S. consumers paying for the wall",
            "timestamp": null,
            "engagement": {}
          },
          {
            "url": "https://money.cnn.com/2017/01/26/news/economy/trump-mexico-tariff/index.html",
            "archive_url": null,
            "kind": "article",
            "outlet": "money.cnn.com",
            "captured": "2026-10-24",
            "quote": null,
            "timestamp": null,
            "engagement": {}
          },
          {
            "url": "https://www.factcheck.org/2019/01/trump-revises-history-on-mexicos-wall-payment/",
            "archive_url": null,
            "kind": "article",
            "outlet": "factcheck.org",
            "captured": "2026-10-24",
            "quote": "In the first month of Trump’s presidency, then-White House press secretary Sean Spicer said Trump was mulling a 20 percent tariff on all imports from Mexico to pay for the wall.",
            "timestamp": null,
            "engagement": {}
          }
        ],
        "corrections": []
      },
      {
        "anchor": "2019-05-09",
        "url": "https://rerunwire.com/s/foreign-countries-pay-tariffs/#2019-05-09",
        "start": "2019-05-09",
        "end": "2019-05-21",
        "title": "\"Paid for mostly by China,\" and Kudlow's response",
        "why_it_fits": "In remarks at the White House on May 9, 2019, Trump said, \"So our country can take in $120 billion a year in tariffs, paid for mostly by China, by the way, not by us,\" as quoted by PolitiFact. On May 10 he tweeted that \"Tariffs are NOW being paid to the United States by China of 25% on 250 Billion Dollars worth of goods & products. These massive payments go directly to the Treasury of the U.S.\" (Washington Post; CBS/AP; American Presidency Project). On May 12, White House economic adviser Larry Kudlow was asked about this claim on \"Fox News Sunday.\" The Washington Post reported that \"Pressed again by Wallace, Kudlow acknowledged that China does not actually 'pay' the tariffs.\" PolitiFact wrote that \"Chinese exporters don't make the payment. The importers do — usually U.S. companies,\" and quoted Howard Gleckman of the Tax Policy Center, who concluded, \"The Chinese government pays nothing.\" PolitiFact rated Trump's claim False.",
        "sources": [
          {
            "url": "http://politifact.com/factchecks/2019/may/14/donald-trump/does-china-mostly-pay-us-tariffs-rather-us-consume/",
            "archive_url": null,
            "outlet": "politifact.com",
            "reliability": "reliable"
          },
          {
            "url": "https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/kudlow-acknowledges-us-consumers-not-china-pay-for-tariffs-on-imports/2019/05/12/3cbe100e-74b9-11e9-b3f5-5673edf2d127_story.html",
            "archive_url": null,
            "outlet": "washingtonpost.com",
            "reliability": "reliable"
          },
          {
            "url": "https://www.cbsnews.com/news/trump-china-trade-talk-misinformation-tweet-claim-review-2019-05-13/",
            "archive_url": null,
            "outlet": "cbsnews.com",
            "reliability": "reliable"
          },
          {
            "url": "https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/tweets-may-10-2019",
            "archive_url": null,
            "outlet": "presidency.ucsb.edu",
            "reliability": "reliable"
          }
        ],
        "items": [
          {
            "url": "http://politifact.com/factchecks/2019/may/14/donald-trump/does-china-mostly-pay-us-tariffs-rather-us-consume/",
            "archive_url": null,
            "kind": "article",
            "outlet": "politifact.com",
            "captured": "2026-10-24",
            "quote": "So our country can take in $120 billion a year in tariffs, paid for mostly by China, by the way, not by us. A lot of people try and steer it in a different direction. It's really paid — ultimately, it's paid for by — largely, by China.",
            "timestamp": null,
            "engagement": {}
          },
          {
            "url": "https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/tweets-may-13-2019",
            "archive_url": null,
            "kind": "statement",
            "outlet": "presidency.ucsb.edu",
            "captured": "2026-10-24",
            "quote": "There is no reason for the U.S. Consumer to pay the Tariffs which take effect on China today. This has been proven recently when only 4 points were paid by the U.S. 21 points by China because China subsidizes product to such a large degree.",
            "timestamp": null,
            "engagement": {}
          },
          {
            "url": "https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/kudlow-acknowledges-us-consumers-not-china-pay-for-tariffs-on-imports/2019/05/12/3cbe100e-74b9-11e9-b3f5-5673edf2d127_story.html",
            "archive_url": null,
            "kind": "article",
            "outlet": "washingtonpost.com",
            "captured": "2026-10-24",
            "quote": "\"Fair enough,\" Kudlow replied. \"In fact, both sides will pay. Both sides will pay in these things.\"",
            "timestamp": null,
            "engagement": {}
          }
        ],
        "corrections": []
      },
      {
        "anchor": "2019-08-01",
        "url": "https://rerunwire.com/s/foreign-countries-pay-tariffs/#2019-08-01",
        "start": "2019-08-01",
        "end": "2019-08-26",
        "title": "New China tariffs and \"China is paying\" claims",
        "why_it_fits": "On Aug 1, 2019 Trump announced tariffs on another $300 billion of Chinese imports, starting Sept 1 (Reuters via Al Jazeera; White House transcript). That day he told reporters \"China eats it because they have to pay it.\" In Ohio, NBC reported, he said \"China's paying for those tariffs.\" On Aug 18 he said \"China is paying for the tariffs, for the one-hundredth time\" (AP). Reuters wrote that US Customs and Border Protection (CBP) collects the tariffs from US importers, and that Chinese suppliers \"do shoulder some of the cost... in indirect ways.\" AP cited a May 2019 New York Fed–Princeton–Columbia estimate of $831 per household per year. NBC cited a National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) study that found the full cost of the 2018 tariffs was passed on to US consumers.",
        "sources": [
          {
            "url": "https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/donald-trump/fact-check-trump-says-china-paying-his-tariffs-he-s-n1038751",
            "archive_url": null,
            "outlet": "nbcnews.com",
            "reliability": "reliable"
          },
          {
            "url": "https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2019/aug/02/donald-trump/no-china-not-paying-us-farmers-16b-through-tariffs/",
            "archive_url": null,
            "outlet": "politifact.com",
            "reliability": "reliable"
          },
          {
            "url": "https://www.aljazeera.com/amp/economy/2019/8/2/trumps-china-tariffs-paid-by-us-importers-not-by-china",
            "archive_url": null,
            "outlet": "aljazeera.com",
            "reliability": "reliable"
          },
          {
            "url": "https://spectrumnews1.com/oh/cincinnati/ap-top-news/2019/08/26/ap-fact-check-trumps-illusory-claims-of-gains-from-tariffs",
            "archive_url": null,
            "outlet": "spectrumnews1.com",
            "reliability": "needs_second_source"
          }
        ],
        "items": [
          {
            "url": "https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/news/2019/08/mil-190801-whitehouse02.htm",
            "archive_url": null,
            "kind": "statement",
            "outlet": "globalsecurity.org",
            "captured": "2026-10-24",
            "quote": "And they're paying for these tariffs; we're not.",
            "timestamp": null,
            "engagement": {}
          },
          {
            "url": "https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/donald-trump/fact-check-trump-says-china-paying-his-tariffs-he-s-n1038751",
            "archive_url": null,
            "kind": "article",
            "outlet": "nbcnews.com",
            "captured": "2026-10-24",
            "quote": "you’re not paying for those tariffs. China’s paying for those tariffs,",
            "timestamp": null,
            "engagement": {}
          },
          {
            "url": "https://spectrumnews1.com/oh/cincinnati/ap-top-news/2019/08/26/ap-fact-check-trumps-illusory-claims-of-gains-from-tariffs",
            "archive_url": null,
            "kind": "article",
            "outlet": "spectrumnews1.com",
            "captured": "2026-10-24",
            "quote": "And we're not paying for the tariffs; China is paying for the tariffs, for the one-hundredth time.",
            "timestamp": null,
            "engagement": {}
          }
        ],
        "corrections": []
      },
      {
        "anchor": "2020-10-22",
        "url": "https://rerunwire.com/s/foreign-countries-pay-tariffs/#2020-10-22",
        "start": "2020-10-22",
        "end": "2020-10-23",
        "title": "\"China pays $28 billion\" at the final presidential debate",
        "why_it_fits": "At the October 22, 2020 debate, Trump said \"I just gave $28 billion to our farmers.\" Biden replied that it was \"taxpayers' money\" that \"didn't come from China.\" Trump answered: \"You know who the taxpayer is? It's called China. China pays $28 billion.\" (all as transcribed by Fortune). Fortune reported that the $28 billion appears to refer to the subsidies the USDA gave farmers in 2018–2019 through its Market Facilitation Program. Fortune also reported that the tariffs are \"paid by U.S. importers of Chinese goods, not by Chinese entities or China itself.\" CFR's Benn Steil and Benjamin Della Rocca wrote that \"the tariffs are paid entirely by U.S. importers.\" They also found that farm payments had used up \"over 92 percent\" of the $66 billion in China tariff revenue. This fits the thread's \"2020 claims that farm aid was 'paid for by China'\" example.",
        "sources": [
          {
            "url": "https://fortune.com/2020/10/23/trump-debate-china-farm-subsidies-pays/",
            "archive_url": null,
            "outlet": "fortune.com",
            "reliability": "reliable"
          },
          {
            "url": "https://www.cfr.org/articles/92-percent-trumps-china-tariff-proceeds-has-gone-bail-out-angry-farmers",
            "archive_url": null,
            "outlet": "cfr.org",
            "reliability": "needs_second_source"
          }
        ],
        "items": [
          {
            "url": "https://fortune.com/2020/10/23/trump-debate-china-farm-subsidies-pays/",
            "archive_url": null,
            "kind": "article",
            "outlet": "fortune.com",
            "captured": "2026-10-24",
            "quote": "No, no. You know who the taxpayer is? It's called China. China pays $28 billion, and you know what they did to pay it, Joe? They devalued their currency, and they also paid up",
            "timestamp": null,
            "engagement": {}
          },
          {
            "url": "https://www.cfr.org/articles/92-percent-trumps-china-tariff-proceeds-has-gone-bail-out-angry-farmers",
            "archive_url": null,
            "kind": "article",
            "outlet": "cfr.org",
            "captured": "2026-10-24",
            "quote": "The president is therefore right when he says farmers \"got\" his tariff money. That money came not from China, however, but from taxes he imposed on Americans.",
            "timestamp": null,
            "engagement": {}
          }
        ],
        "corrections": []
      },
      {
        "anchor": "2024-08-23",
        "url": "https://rerunwire.com/s/foreign-countries-pay-tariffs/#2024-08-23",
        "start": "2024-08-23",
        "end": "2024-09-10",
        "title": "\"A tax on another country\" on the campaign trail",
        "why_it_fits": "At an August 2024 rally in Arizona, which CNN dated to \"mid-August,\" Trump answered Kamala Harris's \"Trump tax\" label for his tariff plan by saying the tariffs have \"nothing to do with taxes to us. That is a tax on another country.\" At a rally in Mosinee, Wisconsin, on Saturday, Sept. 7, 2024, he said: \"It's not going to be a cost to you. It's going to be a cost to another country.\" CNN's Sept. 9 fact check said a tariff is paid by US businesses, not other countries. It also noted that a foreign company may choose to pay the tariff or lower its prices to stay competitive. FactCheck.org later said US importers pay tariffs as customs duties, which US Customs and Border Protection (CBP) collects at ports of entry.",
        "sources": [
          {
            "url": "https://www.cnn.com/2024/09/09/politics/fact-check-trump-vance-tariffs",
            "archive_url": null,
            "outlet": "cnn.com",
            "reliability": "reliable"
          },
          {
            "url": "https://abc17news.com/politics/national-politics/cnn-us-politics/2024/09/09/fact-check-trump-and-vance-keep-falsely-describing-how-tariffs-work/",
            "archive_url": null,
            "outlet": "abc17news.com",
            "reliability": "needs_second_source"
          },
          {
            "url": "https://www.factcheck.org/2024/11/trumps-agenda-tariffs/",
            "archive_url": null,
            "outlet": "factcheck.org",
            "reliability": "reliable"
          },
          {
            "url": "https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2024/08/30/trump-vance-tariffs-tax/",
            "archive_url": null,
            "outlet": "washingtonpost.com",
            "reliability": "reliable"
          },
          {
            "url": "https://www.rev.com/transcripts/trump-rally-in-wisconsin",
            "archive_url": null,
            "outlet": "rev.com",
            "reliability": "needs_second_source"
          }
        ],
        "items": [
          {
            "url": "https://www.cnn.com/2024/09/09/politics/fact-check-trump-vance-tariffs",
            "archive_url": null,
            "kind": "article",
            "outlet": "cnn.com",
            "captured": "2026-10-24",
            "quote": "She makes up crap … I am going to put tariffs on other countries coming into our country, and that has nothing to do with taxes to us. That is a tax on another country,",
            "timestamp": null,
            "engagement": {}
          },
          {
            "url": "https://www.rev.com/transcripts/trump-rally-in-wisconsin",
            "archive_url": null,
            "kind": "statement",
            "outlet": "rev.com",
            "captured": "2026-10-24",
            "quote": "We’re going to be a tariff nation. It’s not going to be a cost to you. It’s going to be a cost to another country.",
            "timestamp": null,
            "engagement": {}
          }
        ],
        "corrections": []
      },
      {
        "anchor": "2025-01-14",
        "url": "https://rerunwire.com/s/foreign-countries-pay-tariffs/#2025-01-14",
        "start": "2025-01-14",
        "end": "2025-01-21",
        "title": "The \"External Revenue Service\" announcement and the inaugural address",
        "why_it_fits": "On January 14, 2025, President-elect Trump posted on Truth Social that he would create the \"EXTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE to collect our Tariffs, Duties, and all Revenue that come from Foreign sources.\" He added that trading partners \"will start paying, FINALLY, their fair share\" (CBS News). In his January 20 inaugural address he said \"we will tariff and tax foreign countries to enrich our citizens.\" He also said the new service's revenue would be \"coming from foreign sources\" (White House transcript). CBS reported that U.S. Customs and Border Protection is \"the primary collector and enforcer of tariffs.\" It also wrote that \"experts say higher tariffs are typically passed on to the consumer.\" FactCheck.org said Trump's proposed tariffs \"would be paid by U.S. importers — not foreign nations.\"",
        "sources": [
          {
            "url": "https://www.cbsnews.com/news/external-revenue-service-trump-tariffs/",
            "archive_url": null,
            "outlet": "cbsnews.com",
            "reliability": "reliable"
          },
          {
            "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/remarks/2025/01/the-inaugural-address/",
            "archive_url": null,
            "outlet": "whitehouse.gov",
            "reliability": "reliable"
          },
          {
            "url": "https://www.factcheck.org/2025/01/factchecking-trumps-inaugural-address/",
            "archive_url": null,
            "outlet": "factcheck.org",
            "reliability": "reliable"
          }
        ],
        "items": [
          {
            "url": "https://truthsocial.com/@realDonaldTrump/posts/113827650534234057",
            "archive_url": null,
            "kind": "social_post",
            "outlet": "truthsocial.com",
            "captured": "2026-10-24",
            "quote": "We will begin charging those that make money off of us with Trade, and they will start paying, FINALLY, their fair share.",
            "timestamp": null,
            "engagement": {}
          },
          {
            "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/remarks/2025/01/the-inaugural-address/",
            "archive_url": null,
            "kind": "statement",
            "outlet": "whitehouse.gov",
            "captured": "2026-10-24",
            "quote": "Instead of taxing our citizens to enrich other countries, we will tariff and tax foreign countries to enrich our citizens.",
            "timestamp": null,
            "engagement": {}
          },
          {
            "url": "https://www.c-span.org/clip/white-house-event/president-trump-delivers-inaugural-address/5153450",
            "archive_url": null,
            "kind": "video",
            "outlet": "c-span.org",
            "captured": "2026-10-24",
            "quote": "Instead of taxing our citizens to enrich foreign nations, we should be tariffing and taxing foreign nations to enrich our citizens.",
            "timestamp": null,
            "engagement": {}
          }
        ],
        "corrections": []
      },
      {
        "anchor": "2025-04-02",
        "url": "https://rerunwire.com/s/foreign-countries-pay-tariffs/#2025-04-02",
        "start": "2025-04-02",
        "end": "2025-04-07",
        "title": "Liberation Day",
        "why_it_fits": "On April 2, 2025, while announcing global tariffs, President Trump said of China, \"I took in hundreds of billions of dollars in my term—hundreds of billions. They never paid 10 cents to any other President, and yet they paid hundreds of billions,\" according to the transcript in the American Presidency Project. On April 6, aboard Air Force One, he told reporters, \"I took in, during my 4 years, hundreds of billions of dollars from China,\" according to the American Presidency Project's transcript of that exchange. In a review published March 30, 2026, the Tax Foundation said tariffs are \"legally paid by the importer,\" with the economic cost split among importers, downstream businesses, final consumers and foreign sellers.",
        "sources": [
          {
            "url": "https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/remarks-announcing-additional-united-states-tariff-actions-foreign-imports",
            "archive_url": null,
            "outlet": "presidency.ucsb.edu",
            "reliability": "reliable"
          },
          {
            "url": "https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/remarks-exchange-with-reporters-aboard-air-force-one-en-route-joint-base-andrews-2",
            "archive_url": null,
            "outlet": "presidency.ucsb.edu",
            "reliability": "reliable"
          },
          {
            "url": "https://taxfoundation.org/blog/liberation-day-trump-tariffs/",
            "archive_url": null,
            "outlet": "taxfoundation.org",
            "reliability": "needs_second_source"
          }
        ],
        "items": [
          {
            "url": "https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/remarks-announcing-additional-united-states-tariff-actions-foreign-imports",
            "archive_url": null,
            "kind": "statement",
            "outlet": "presidency.ucsb.edu",
            "captured": "2026-10-24",
            "quote": "If you look at China, I took in hundreds of billions of dollars in my term—hundreds of billions. They never paid 10 cents to any other President, and yet they paid hundreds of billions.",
            "timestamp": null,
            "engagement": {}
          },
          {
            "url": "https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/remarks-exchange-with-reporters-aboard-air-force-one-en-route-joint-base-andrews-2",
            "archive_url": null,
            "kind": "statement",
            "outlet": "presidency.ucsb.edu",
            "captured": "2026-10-24",
            "quote": "I took in, during my 4 years, hundreds of billions of dollars from China, and we also took in a lot of money from other countries—but, in particular, China, because it was just getting started.",
            "timestamp": null,
            "engagement": {}
          }
        ],
        "corrections": []
      },
      {
        "anchor": "2025-08-12",
        "url": "https://rerunwire.com/s/foreign-countries-pay-tariffs/#2025-08-12",
        "start": "2025-08-12",
        "end": "2025-08-13",
        "title": "Trump vs. Goldman Sachs on who pays the tariffs",
        "why_it_fits": "On Aug. 12, 2025, Trump wrote on Truth Social that it was mostly \"companies and governments, many of them foreign, picking up the tabs\" for tariffs. Reuters paired the post with a Goldman Sachs research note, though it said Trump did not specify which Goldman report he meant; Fortune described the post as a response to the note. Goldman's Aug. 10 note, led by chief economist Jan Hatzius, estimated that US consumers had absorbed 22% of tariff costs through June. It said that share would rise to 67% by October if later tariffs followed the pattern of the earliest ones. Over the same period, Fortune reported in an article syndicated on Yahoo Finance, the note estimated foreign suppliers' share rising from 14% to 25% and US businesses' share falling from 64% to 8%. On Aug. 13, Goldman economist David Mericle told CNBC, \"We stand by the results of this study.\"",
        "sources": [
          {
            "url": "https://www.bnnbloomberg.ca/business/2025/08/12/trump-rebukes-goldmans-solomon-and-banks-economics-research-on-tariff-impact/",
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        ],
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            "quote": "In a post on Truth Social, Trump said it was mostly “companies and governments, many of them foreign, picking up the tabs.”",
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            "captured": "2026-10-24",
            "quote": "“I think that David should go out and get himself a new Economist or, maybe, he ought to just focus on being a DJ, and not bother running a major Financial Institution,” Trump wrote on social media.",
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          },
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            "captured": "2026-10-24",
            "quote": "“We stand by the results of this study,” Goldman economist David Mericle told CNBC's Squawk on the Street the next day.",
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        ],
        "corrections": []
      },
      {
        "anchor": "2026-01-19",
        "url": "https://rerunwire.com/s/foreign-countries-pay-tariffs/#2026-01-19",
        "start": "2026-01-19",
        "end": "2026-01-23",
        "title": "The Kiel Institute study",
        "why_it_fits": "On Jan. 19, 2026, the Kiel Institute for the World Economy, a German research institute, published a policy brief titled \"America's Own Goal: Who Pays the Tariffs?\" by Julian Hinz, Aaron Lohmann, Hendrik Mahlkow and Anna Vorwig. It analyzed more than 25 million shipment records covering almost $4 trillion in US imports. It reported that foreign exporters absorbed about 4% of the tariff burden and that 96% passed through to US buyers. The institute's release presented this as \"Contrary to US government rhetoric,\" and Hinz said, \"The claim that foreign countries pay these tariffs is a myth.\" Coverage on Jan. 20 described the study against the administration's claim. Time wrote that Trump \"promised foreign countries would pay the levies,\" and CFO Dive wrote that the report was \"contradicting a Trump administration claim that foreigners rather than U.S. citizens shoulder the burden.\"",
        "sources": [
          {
            "url": "https://www.kielinstitut.de/media/news/americas-own-goal-americans-pay-almost-entirely-for-trumps-tariffs/",
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          },
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            "archive_url": null,
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          },
          {
            "url": "https://www.cfodive.com/news/us-bears-96-percent-tariff-costs-belying-trump-claims-kiel-institute-greenland-trade/810042/",
            "archive_url": null,
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        ],
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            "url": "https://www.kielinstitut.de/media/news/americas-own-goal-americans-pay-almost-entirely-for-trumps-tariffs/",
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            "kind": "statement",
            "outlet": "kielinstitut.de",
            "captured": "2026-10-24",
            "quote": "The claim that foreign countries pay these tariffs is a myth. The data show the opposite: Americans are footing the bill.",
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            "engagement": {}
          },
          {
            "url": "https://fortune.com/2026/01/20/americans-pay-nearly-all-of-tariff-burden-study/",
            "archive_url": null,
            "kind": "article",
            "outlet": "fortune.com",
            "captured": "2026-10-24",
            "quote": "After nearly a year of promises that tariffs would boost the U.S. economy while other countries footed the bill, a new study shows almost all of the tariff burden is falling on American consumers.",
            "timestamp": null,
            "engagement": {}
          },
          {
            "url": "https://time.com/7353475/trump-tariffs-who-pays/",
            "archive_url": null,
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            "outlet": "time.com",
            "captured": "2026-10-24",
            "quote": "Foreign exporters absorb only about 4% of the tariff burden—the remaining 96% is passed through to U.S. buyers",
            "timestamp": null,
            "engagement": {}
          }
        ],
        "corrections": []
      },
      {
        "anchor": "2026-02-12",
        "url": "https://rerunwire.com/s/foreign-countries-pay-tariffs/#2026-02-12",
        "start": "2026-02-12",
        "end": "2026-02-25",
        "title": "Trump's State of the Union claim that foreign countries pay the tariffs",
        "why_it_fits": "In his Feb 24, 2026 State of the Union, President Trump said he believed \"the tariffs, paid for by foreign countries,\" would \"substantially replace the modern-day system of income tax.\" This is per NPR's transcript. Twelve days earlier, New York Fed researchers estimated that \"nearly 90 percent of the tariffs' economic burden fell on U.S. firms and consumers.\" That share was 94% for January–August 2025 and 86% in November, as foreign exporters absorbed somewhat more. Responding to the paper, National Economic Council director Kevin Hassett told CNBC, \"I mean, the paper is an embarrassment,\" CBS News reported. CBS News's fact-check rated Trump's speech claim \"Misleading.\" On Feb 20, four days before the speech, the Supreme Court ruled 6-3 that Trump's use of an emergency powers law (IEEPA) to impose sweeping tariffs \"was not valid,\" PBS NewsHour reported. The Penn Wharton Budget Model projected that the ruling would generate \"up to $175 billion in refunds.\" CBS had cited a Wharton estimate of \"as much as $168 billion\" two days before the ruling.",
        "sources": [
          {
            "url": "https://www.cbsnews.com/news/fact-check-state-of-the-union-2026/",
            "archive_url": null,
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          },
          {
            "url": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/what-to-know-about-the-supreme-court-ruling-on-trumps-tariffs",
            "archive_url": null,
            "outlet": "pbs.org",
            "reliability": "reliable"
          },
          {
            "url": "https://www.cbsnews.com/news/trump-tariffs-consumers-business-nearly-90-percent-new-york-federal-reserve/",
            "archive_url": null,
            "outlet": "cbsnews.com",
            "reliability": "reliable"
          },
          {
            "url": "https://budgetmodel.wharton.upenn.edu/p/2026-02-20-supreme-court-tariff-ruling/",
            "archive_url": null,
            "outlet": "budgetmodel.wharton.upenn.edu",
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        ],
        "items": [
          {
            "url": "https://www.npr.org/2026/02/25/nx-s1-5716159/trump-congress-state-union-read",
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            "captured": "2026-10-24",
            "quote": "And as time goes by, I believe the tariffs, paid for by foreign countries, will, like in the past, substantially replace the modern-day system of income tax, taking a great financial burden off the people that I love.",
            "timestamp": null,
            "engagement": {}
          },
          {
            "url": "https://libertystreeteconomics.newyorkfed.org/2026/02/who-is-paying-for-the-2025-u-s-tariffs/",
            "archive_url": null,
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            "outlet": "libertystreeteconomics.newyorkfed.org",
            "captured": "2026-10-24",
            "quote": "We find that nearly 90 percent of the tariffs' economic burden fell on U.S. firms and consumers.",
            "timestamp": null,
            "engagement": {}
          },
          {
            "url": "https://www.cbsnews.com/news/trump-tariffs-consumers-business-nearly-90-percent-new-york-federal-reserve/",
            "archive_url": null,
            "kind": "article",
            "outlet": "cbsnews.com",
            "captured": "2026-10-24",
            "quote": "I mean, the paper is an embarrassment,",
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          },
          {
            "url": "https://www.c-span.org/event/joint-session-of-congress/president-trump-delivers-2026-state-of-the-union-address-democratic-response/440395",
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}